Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common and often misunderstood health issue. These infections can occur in any part of the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most UTIs are caused by Escherichia coli, a bacterium usually found in the intestinal system. Despite the common belief, UTIs can affect both men and women, with women being at a higher risk due to anatomical differences.

The pathophysiology of a UTI involves bacteria invading the urinary epithelium cells, leading to irritation and inflammation. Infections can start in the urethra and progress to the bladder, ureters, or kidney. Lower urinary tract infections affect the urethra or bladder, while upper urinary tract infections involve the kidneys and are more severe.

Symptoms of UTIs vary but often include changes in urination, such as increased frequency, pain, or burning sensations. In elderly patients, symptoms may manifest as weakness, recurrent falls, and mental confusion. If left untreated, a UTI can lead to kidney damage, abdominal pain, fever, septic shock, and even life-threatening conditions.

Risk factors for UTIs include sexual activity, use of catheters, and certain age-related changes. It’s crucial to debunk myths surrounding UTIs, such as the belief that only women are susceptible. Understanding these infections is vital for proper diagnosis and treatment.

For more detailed information on urinary tract infections, including their causes, symptoms, and treatments, visit these comprehensive resources: Harvard Health, U.OSU, and Mayo Clinic Health System.