Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are common procedures in children, often performed to address issues related to the tonsils and adenoids. These small lymphatic tissues play a critical role in the immune system, especially in young children.

The adenoids are located in the back of the throat near the breathing passages of the mouth and nose. They, along with the tonsils, “sample” bacteria and viruses entering the body through these passages. However, this function can sometimes lead to infection. Common symptoms of tonsillitis, an inflammation of the tonsils, include sore throat, varying degrees of fever, headache, and decreased appetite.

Infections are the most frequent causes of tonsil and adenoid problems. Swelling of the tonsils can block airways or lead to repeated bacterial infections. Viral infections are the most common cause, but bacteria such as those causing strep throat can also be responsible. Untreated strep throat may lead to more severe complications, including infections in the lungs, middle ear, or the covering of the brain and spinal cord.

Enlarged tonsils can also contribute to recurring ear infections and fluid collection in the middle ear, resulting in temporary hearing loss. Furthermore, they can cause snoring and sleep apnea, a condition where breathing is briefly and repeatedly interrupted during sleep.

In some cases, the tonsils and adenoids may cause more harm than good, leading to frequent illnesses, strep throat, ear infections, and sleep-related issues. In such situations, an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist can recommend the best treatment options, which may include tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy. These surgeries involve the removal of the tonsils and/or adenoids, respectively.

For more information on tonsils and adenoids, visit the University of Rochester Medical Center, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, the McGovern Medical School, and the Ohio State Medical Center.