Sinusitis is a common condition often resulting from viral or bacterial infections. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment is essential for effective management. This article provides comprehensive information on sinusitis, integrating insights from several authoritative sources, including Harvard Health, Keck Medicine of USC, Mayo Clinic Health System, University of Rochester Medical Center, and McGovern Medical School.

Sinusitis occurs when viruses or bacteria infect the sinuses, typically following a cold. The key factor in sinusitis development is the blockage of sinus drainage channels. This blockage, often due to inflammation or swelling of nasal passages, prevents normal drainage, leading to infection.

There are two types of sinusitis: acute and chronic. Acute sinusitis generally lasts less than four weeks and follows a cold. It’s frequently caused by bacterial infections. Chronic sinusitis, however, persists for more than 12 weeks despite medical treatment and can be linked to conditions like allergic rhinitis or asthma.

Untreated bacterial sinus infections can cause long-term issues, such as continual cycles of sinus blockage, pain, and pressure. This cycle can lead to further infections, perpetuating the problem.

Common causes of sinusitis include colds, which inflame nasal passages, and allergies, leading to swollen nasal tissue and increased mucus production. Viruses or bacteria usually cause acute sinusitis. It’s classified as acute viral sinusitis if the illness lasts less than 10 days without worsening.

In some cases, sinus infections can spread to the eye, face, or brain, necessitating emergency medical intervention, possibly including surgery. To manage sinusitis symptoms, nasal rinses, decongestants, and pain relievers can be helpful.

Symptoms of sinusitis include pressure, pain, nasal congestion, thick mucus, and sometimes an impaired sense of smell or fullness in the ears. Both viral and bacterial sinusitis involve inflammation of the sinus lining, which impedes mucus drainage.

For more detailed information on sinusitis, visit Harvard Health, Keck Medicine of USC, Mayo Clinic Health System, University of Rochester Medical Center, and McGovern Medical School.