Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant health concern globally, affecting individuals of all ages. Chlamydia, a common infection especially prevalent among teens and young adults, often presents no symptoms, making it easy to transmit unknowingly. It is crucial for sexually active individuals to be aware of STIs and their impacts. For example, a sexually transmitted virus can lead to cancer, emphasizing the importance of understanding these infections.
One particular STI, caused by a virus, results in painful open sores on the genitals. This infection, spread through bodily fluids, is often associated with herpes type 2 (HSV-2). Herpes type 1 (HSV-1), commonly known for causing cold sores, is not typically considered an STI.
Women face the most severe complications from STIs, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), tubal pregnancy, and infertility. Men are also at risk, with potential infections of the prostate or epididymis. Gonorrhea, treatable with antibiotics, can lead to severe eye infections in babies if present during childbirth.
STIs can be bacterial or viral and are transmitted through various sexual activities including oral, anal, and vaginal intercourse. Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 are among the most common STIs, identifiable under the microscope but differing in manifestation.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can spread through contact between genitals, as well as the anus, mouth, or eyes. The most prevalent STDs in the United States include genital herpes, human papilloma virus (HPV), chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV, and genital warts.
Chlamydia, caused by C. trachomatis bacteria, is the most common STI in the U.S. The CDC recommends annual screening for sexually active women under 25 and older women with risk factors. Similarly, HPV, the most common STI in the U.S., can cause genital warts or lead to cancer. Hepatitis B (HBV) is another serious STI, potentially resulting in liver infection and long-term health issues, including liver cancer.
For comprehensive information, visit Mayo Clinic Health System, Mayo Clinic Health System STI Trends, Health Encyclopedia, Villanova University, Harvard Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, and University of Colorado Health Blog.
