Bile duct diseases encompass a range of medical conditions affecting the bile duct system, which is integral for digestion and liver function. These diseases can lead to serious complications, including infection, inflammation, and blockages.

One common issue is bile duct diseases, characterized by problems in the ducts carrying bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine. This can lead to a buildup of bilirubin and potentially severe infections, such as ascending cholangitis, if bacteria accumulate and back up into the liver.

The gallbladder, a small organ storing bile from the liver, plays a crucial role in digesting fats. About 15% of American adults suffer from gallbladder disease, with gallstones being the most prevalent form. These stones can cause inflammation (cholecystitis) if they block the duct between the gallbladder and the common bile duct.

Chronic cholecystitis may lead to intermittent mild abdominal pain or, in some cases, no symptoms at all. Over time, it can cause the gallbladder to become thickened, scarred, and less functional. In cholecystitis, the gallbladder may eventually shrink and lose its ability to store and release bile.

Cholangitis, on the other hand, is the swelling and inflammation of the bile duct system, usually due to a bacterial infection. It requires immediate treatment to drain the bile duct and address the blockage cause.

Symptoms of bile duct diseases can include unexplained belching, gas, nausea, decreased appetite, severe abdominal pain, fever, or jaundice. These conditions can lead to more serious issues like pancreatitis or infections in the gallbladder or bile ducts.

The presence of fat in food triggers the release of hormones causing the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the intestine. This process can be disrupted by gallstones, leading to blockages and infections.

Biliary obstruction involves the blockage of any duct that carries bile from the liver to the gallbladder or from the gallbladder to the small intestine. Bile, a liquid secreted by the liver, aids in fat digestion but can cause problems if its flow is obstructed.

For more detailed information on these conditions, visit the University of Rochester Medical Center Health Encyclopedia, and explore treatment options and diagnosis at Harvard Health’s guide on gallstones.