Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the body. This leads to a decrease in the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen, which is essential for the functioning of various tissues. The two primary causes of anemia are a decrease in the production of RBCs or the production of defective RBCs.

Symptoms of anemia vary widely, including shortness of breath, fatigue, rapid heart rate, pale skin, cool extremities, chest pain, brittle nails, hair loss, dizziness, weakness, inflammation of the tongue, and mouth sores. One peculiar symptom is pica, a craving for non-nutritional substances.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a specific cause of anemia that can be particularly insidious. Its symptoms include numbness or tingling in the hands, legs, or feet, balance problems, swollen or inflamed tongue, and general weakness. Anemia can also cause neurological issues like headaches, dizziness, and even fainting due to inadequate oxygen supply to the brain.

The heart can also be affected by anemia. Irregular heartbeats or palpitations are common as the body struggles to maintain energy levels with reduced oxygen supply.

Anemia is essentially an abnormally low level of red blood cells, which contain the oxygen-carrying protein, hemoglobin. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow and have a lifespan of approximately 110 to 120 days in the bloodstream.

For a comprehensive understanding of anemia, including its symptoms, causes, and treatment options, you can visit Harvard Health, The Well by Northwell, and Harvard Health Blog for detailed articles on the subject.