Yeast infections, also known as candida infections, are a common health concern, characterized by symptoms such as thick, white, cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge that is usually watery and odorless. These infections often involve itching and redness of the vulva and vagina, caused by an imbalance in the vaginal environment. Normally, yeast organisms are present in most vaginas in small numbers, but factors like hormonal changes, antibiotics, or poor hygiene can disrupt this balance, leading to an overgrowth of yeast.

While a yeast infection is not necessarily a sexually transmitted infection (STI), treating both the patient and any partners may help prevent recurrence. The presence of a bad-smelling discharge, which is brown or black, can indicate a different issue, such as a foreign body in the vagina, detectable through a physical exam.

In addition to yeast infections, there are other types of vaginal infections that cause discharge, itching, and irritation, such as bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis. The color, consistency, and odor of the discharge can vary depending on the cause. Vaginitis, which is inflammation or infection of the vagina, can result from infections, chemicals, hormone changes, or poor personal hygiene.

Treatment options for yeast infections typically include antifungal medications, either oral or topical. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Maintaining good personal hygiene, wearing breathable underwear, and avoiding irritating products can help prevent future infections.

For more detailed information on yeast infections and their management, visit the Children’s Hospital of Vaginitis, Brown University Health Promotion, Hopkins Medicine on Vaginal Discharge, Harvard Health on Vaginal Discharge Itching or Irritation, University of Utah Health on Vaginitis, Yeast Vaginitis at Brown University, and the University of Rochester Medical Center on Yeast Infections.