Yeast infections, a common condition affecting many women, are caused by an overgrowth of the candida fungus. This can lead to symptoms such as inflammation, intense itchiness, a thick white discharge, and discomfort during urination or intercourse. Normally, the acidic environment of a healthy vagina prevents excessive yeast growth, but various factors can disrupt this balance.

Medications, particularly broad-spectrum antibiotics, are a notable cause. These drugs can eliminate beneficial bacteria in the body, facilitating yeast overgrowth. Individuals with chronic conditions like diabetes or a suppressed immune system are also at higher risk. About 75% of women experience at least one vaginal yeast infection in their lifetime. Postmenopausal women, especially those on hormone therapy, may still face this issue.

For recurrent yeast infections—defined as four or more per year—special treatment is necessary. Factors contributing to recurrence include pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, oral contraceptive use, douching, and possibly transmitting the infection between partners.

Familial candidiasis, a hereditary tendency to develop Candida infections, affects the skin, nails, and mucous membranes. Even without this condition, chronic or recurrent yeast infections can occur.

A balanced vaginal environment is crucial. While the presence of some yeast is normal, imbalance can lead to excessive growth and symptoms. Yeast infections are not typically sexually transmitted, but treating both the patient and their partners can be beneficial.

For prevention and management, lifestyle modifications are recommended. These include consuming live acidophilus culture yogurt or taking acidophilus capsules to restore the yeast-bacteria balance in the body.

For more detailed information, visit Baylor College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Well by Northwell, Harvard Health Publishing, Go Ask Alice! by Columbia University, and NC State University for more information on yeast infections.