The autonomic nervous system triggers the fight-or-flight response, designed to help you defend yourself or flee from danger. Under stress or anxiety, this system activates, potentially causing physical symptoms such as headaches, nausea, shortness of breath, shakiness, or stomach pain. The tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) amitriptyline (Elavil), nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), and desipramine (Norpramin) are often prescribed to manage nerve pain, like diabetic neuropathy, and chronic headaches. It is noteworthy that when TCAs are used to treat pain, the dosage is typically lower than the dosage for treating depression, although all medications can cause unwanted effects.

The intersection of pain, anxiety, and depression is significant. Individuals with depression may experience more intense and persistent pain than others. The overlapping of these conditions can exacerbate each one, making it difficult to manage. Anxiety can accelerate breathing, lead to constipation, or cause excessive sweating. Triggering the sympathetic nervous system increases muscle tension, blood vessel constriction, and respiration, all contributing to elevated blood pressure.

Persistent depression can magnify a person’s perception of pain and may lead to chronic pain conditions. Depression reduces the ability to rationally analyze and respond to stress, which can create a self-perpetuating cycle of negative mental states. Health anxiety, a condition where healthy individuals excessively worry about serious illnesses despite the absence of significant symptoms, can be particularly debilitating.

The physical manifestations of anxiety, such as dry mouth, nausea, or sweaty hands, often accompany emotional signs like nervousness, restlessness, and distraction, and can intensify feelings of anxiety. Understanding and addressing these symptoms is crucial in managing anxiety effectively.

For more detailed insights, refer to Recognizing and easing the physical symptoms of anxiety, The pain-anxiety-depression connection, Harvard Health, How Does Anxiety Affect The Body, and The Devastating Ways Depression and Anxiety Impact the Body. Those dealing with health anxiety can learn more at Health Anxiety Disorder, and for a comprehensive look at anxiety’s effects, Anxiety Overload.