Generalized itching, a common and often frustrating condition, has many potential triggers. One such cause is aging. As Dr. Arndt explains, “The skin barrier doesn’t work as well as it used to, and things that may not have irritated you before may now be absorbed in the skin and cause itching.” Additionally, the skin develops an impaired immune response, a reduction in fat and blood flow, and altered sensitivity.
In recent studies, multiple immune system cells, including mast cells, basophils, and helper T cells, have been identified as “key makers” of the itch sensation. Mast cells, found in many body tissues, aid in inflammation, which manifests as redness and swelling.
A surprising source of severe itching, particularly in cases of liver disease, has been identified. This discovery, published in Gastroenterology, points to new potential therapies and emphasizes the skin’s role beyond mere insulation.
Eczema, or atopic dermatitis (AD), is often described as “the itch that rashes.” This condition, affecting millions, starts with itching, sometimes before a rash appears, and the itchiness often persists. AD significantly impacts a person’s quality of life.
Common causes of itchiness include histamine release from mosquito bites and reactions to certain medications like antibiotics, blood pressure pills, opioids, and diuretics. Hormonal changes from menopause and pregnancy, as well as skin care products, can also lead to skin dryness and itching, often worsening at night.
Drug rashes are another concern. They can manifest as hives or pink and red bumps on the chest and back, typically arising four to 14 days after starting a medication. Antihistamines are a standard treatment for such rashes.
Dry winter air can exacerbate skin itching. To mitigate this, it is recommended to wear protective clothing, use a humidifier, limit bathing to five minutes in lukewarm water, and moisturize frequently. Avoiding hot water and perfumed soaps, which can strip the skin’s oily layer, is also advised.
For more detailed information on the various causes and treatments of generalized itching, visit Harvard Health.