Vaginal yeast infections, also called “Candida vaginal infections,” are typically caused by the Candida albicans fungus. Throughout a lifetime, 75% of all women are likely to have at least one vaginal Candida infection, and up to 45% have two or more. Women are more prone to vaginal yeast infections if their bodies are under stress or if their immune system is weakened.

An overgrowth of yeast can occur if the skin is damaged, or in warm and humid conditions. Antibiotics can also cause an overgrowth of yeast by killing the healthy bacteria that typically keep yeast levels in check. The balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina can be disrupted, which may result in an overgrowth and symptoms of a yeast infection.

It is not uncommon for a yeast infection of the skin to develop in areas where skin overlaps. Men can also be at risk of a yeast infection through unprotected vaginal intercourse with a partner who has an infection. Oral sex may increase the risk of infections in both men and women as well.

Vaginitis, an inflammation or infection of the vagina and vulva, is often caused by three main conditions: Bacterial Vaginosis (BV), Yeast (Candida) Infections, and Trichomoniasis (trich). These types of vaginitis can cause pain, itching, and discharge.

Yeast infections can lead to significant discomfort but are not usually associated with serious health issues. Often, vaginal yeast infections may resolve on their own, especially with the onset of menstruation, as menstrual blood can increase vaginal pH and decrease yeast cells that cannot grow in that pH.

If you’ve previously experienced yeast infections and are confident in your self-diagnosis, treating yourself may be safe. However, if you are uncertain about your symptoms, it is important to seek a formal diagnosis from a healthcare provider.

For further information and guidance on yeast infections, please refer to the resources provided by Harvard Health, the University of Rochester Medical Center, Baylor Medicine, The Well by Northwell, and the Student Health Center.