A urinary tract infection (UTI) that progresses to the kidneys can pose significant health risks. Recognizing the symptoms and understanding when to seek medical attention is crucial for prompt treatment. Globally, we’re facing an antibiotic resistance crisis, with UTIs often signaling the larger issue. UTIs rank among the most frequent infections, affecting half of women and one in 10 men at least once in their lifetime.
The urinary system, which includes the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys, is typically affected by UTIs. The majority of these infections are bacterial, predominantly caused by Escherichia coli. Although E. coli is essential for a healthy digestive system, it becomes problematic if it enters the urinary tract. Less commonly, UTIs are also caused by other bacteria.
Symptoms of a urinary tract infection often include frequent urination, a strong urge to urinate, pain during urination, and nocturnal awakening to urinate. Additionally, one might experience pain, pressure, or tenderness in the lower abdomen, particularly below the navel. Bacteria from the intestine, usually spread to the urethra and bladder, causing lower urinary tract infections. Upper tract infections, such as pyelonephritis or kidney infections, involve the ureters and kidneys.
UTIs can be triggered by various factors, including sexual activity and catheter use. Complications can arise when a UTI is caused by bacteria that are resistant to common antibiotics, making the infection harder to treat.
To learn more about kidney infections and UTIs, visit the Mayo Clinic’s detailed page on kidney infection symptoms and causes. For information on the rise of antibiotic-resistant UTIs, Harvard Health provides comprehensive insights at their blog post on antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections. Further reading on UTIs can be found on Harvard Health’s overview of urinary tract infections, and their articles on UTIs in men and women. New perspectives on UTIs are discussed in Harvard Health’s article on new thinking about urinary tract infections. Lastly, Stanford’s Scope Blog offers an insightful series on UTIs, including antibiotic resistance and other things you need to know about UTIs.
