People who suffer from itching without a clear cause might be experiencing previously unrecognized defects in their immune system. In a study by the Center for the Study of Itch at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, researchers identified immune system irregularities that could be prompting the urge to scratch. Additionally, hormone changes due to menopause and pregnancy can lead to skin dryness and increased itching, which often feels worse at night. Other potential factors include certain medications such as antibiotics, blood pressure medications, opioids, diuretics, and even some skincare products like soaps, deodorants, or insect repellents.

Generalized itching can have numerous triggers. One such trigger is aging, which impairs the skin barrier’s effectiveness, leading to increased absorption of irritants that cause itching. As explained by Dr. Arndt from Harvard Health, with aging, the skin’s immune response diminishes along with a reduction in fat and blood flow, altering sensory functions. Several immune system cells, such as mast cells, basophils, and helper T cells, have been found to be significant contributors to the sensation of itching.

In cases of severe liver disease, an intense itching of the skin has been discovered to have an unexpected cause, pointing toward potential new therapies for this discomfort. This finding emphasizes that the skin’s outer layer is more than just an insulating shield. It was published in Gastroenterology and highlights the surprising complexity of the causes of itching.

Environmental factors can also play a role. For example, static electricity can move body hair, creating the false sensation of something crawling on the skin. This is detailed in a resource from Entomology. Moreover, bug bites cause itching due to the body’s immune reaction to the substances in bug saliva, which is explained by Columbia University Irving Medical Center. Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is another condition characterized by persistent itch and is sometimes referred to as “the itch that rashes,” with a considerable impact on the quality of life.

The mechanism by which light touch can cause severe itching, particularly in the aging population, has also been studied, as indicated by research from the Washington University. Understanding these various factors is essential in addressing the underlying causes of itch and developing appropriate treatments.