Tonsils and adenoids play a crucial role in the body’s immune system but can sometimes become problematic due to infection or enlargement. The two most common problems associated with the tonsils and adenoids are caused by infection, leading to issues such as tonsil swelling that can block the airway or repeated bacterial infections. This often results in frequent ear infections and the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear, potentially causing temporary hearing issues.

Tonsils, small round pieces of tissue located at the back of the mouth, are visible in the throat and help fight infections by producing antibodies. However, tonsillitis, the inflammation of tonsils from infection, can occur. Enlarged tonsils, while not directly affecting ear infections, can cause their own set of problems, including obstructive sleep apnea where the oversized tonsils block the airway, interrupting breathing and sleep. In some cases, one tonsil may be significantly larger than the other, necessitating removal to rule out serious conditions like throat cancer.

Adenoids, located at the back of the throat near the breathing passages, play a role in sampling bacteria and viruses but can also become infected. When enlarged, adenoids can interfere with breathing through the nose and may harbor bacteria that cause infections. In some cases, the tonsils and adenoids can become more of a liability than an asset, causing airway obstruction or repeated bacterial infections.

Symptoms of tonsillitis include difficulty swallowing, fever, swollen glands, and throat pain. Treatment options vary, and an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist can provide the best recommendations. For more information, visit McGovern Medical School, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Rochester Medical Center, and other resources.