Lymphadenitis is the medical term for inflamed and enlarged lymph nodes, typically resulting from an infection. Lymph nodes, filled with white blood cells, play a crucial role in your body’s fight against infections. When these nodes become infected, it’s often due to an infection originating elsewhere in the body. In some cases, enlarged lymph nodes can indicate cancer.
It’s important to understand the possible causes and treatments for swollen lymph nodes. This content is available in English only.
Swelling in lymph nodes is most commonly observed in an arm or leg. The lymphatic system, consisting of a network of vessels, is responsible for transporting foreign material, bacteria, and infection-fighting cells throughout the body. This can cause the lymph nodes to enlarge. The location of enlarged lymph nodes can help pinpoint the source of infection. For instance, a baby with a scalp infection may have enlarged nodes at the back of the neck. Swollen lymph nodes around the jaw could signal an infection in the teeth or mouth.
The term “swollen glands” is often used interchangeably with enlarged lymph nodes. However, lymph nodes are not glands but are small bundles of white blood cells located throughout the body. The body’s immune system responds to infections and inflammation by increasing the number of white cells.
Enlarged lymph nodes are typically found near the source of infection, aiding in diagnosing the cause. For example, an infant with a scalp infection may have enlarged lymph nodes at the back of the neck, while swollen lymph nodes around the jaw may indicate a dental or oral infection. However, lymphadenopathy can also be generalized.
Many lymph nodes are present in the head and neck area, which can become swollen or tender, usually due to a bacterial or viral infection. Most swollen lymph nodes resolve independently within a few weeks. However, it’s advisable to consult an ENT provider if the lumps enlarge, persist for more than two weeks, feel hard or rubbery, or appear for no apparent reason.
Lymphedema is a chronic condition resulting from obstructed or damaged lymphatic vessels or nodes, leading to lymph fluid buildup in body parts. Untreated lymphedema can lead to swelling, skin changes, and other chronic health issues. Common causes of lymphedema include surgery and radiation therapy for cancer treatment.
Learn more about swollen lymph nodes, including potential causes and treatments, at University of Rochester Medical Center, Mayo Clinic, Harvard Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Harvard Health, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Mayo Clinic Health System, and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.
