Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a significant health concern affecting millions annually. A UTI occurs in the urinary system, which includes the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. Predominantly bacterial in nature, most UTIs are caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), a bacterium typically beneficial for the digestive system but harmful when entering the urinary tract. While less common, other microorganisms can also cause UTIs.

Women, in particular, are more susceptible to recurrent UTIs. The primary cause is the transfer of E. coli from the rectum to the vagina and then to the urethra, leading to bladder infections. Various risk factors contribute to the likelihood of UTIs, and these factors can change with age.

Symptoms of a UTI include blood in the urine, burning during urination, frequent urination, intense urges to urinate, and discomfort in the lower abdomen. In more severe cases, UTIs can infect the kidneys, leading to more serious health concerns.

Prevention strategies include maintaining hygiene, staying hydrated, and, interestingly, the consumption of cranberries. Cranberries contain tannin, which prevents E. coli from adhering to the bladder walls. However, research on the effectiveness of cranberry juice or extract in preventing UTIs has shown mixed results.

For comprehensive information on UTIs, visit Harvard Health, Harvard Health, Mayo Clinic, Harvard Health, Harvard Health, and University of Rochester Medical Center.