Chronic sinusitis is a long-term inflammation of the sinuses, which are moist air spaces located behind the bones of the upper face, such as between the eyes and behind the forehead, nose, and cheeks. Normally, the sinuses drain through small openings into the inside of the nose. Any obstruction to this flow can lead to a buildup of mucus and other complications.

Researchers differentiate chronic sinusitis—which lasts three months or longer—from acute sinusitis, which typically lasts a month or less. Acute sinusitis is often caused by a bacterial infection. In contrast, chronic sinusitis may be due to various factors, including allergies to dust, mold, or pollen. Antibiotics and over-the-counter decongestants are commonly used to treat chronic sinusitis.

A sinus infection, or sinusitis, occurs when the bones and soft tissues in the sinuses become swollen, blocking sinus drainage and potentially causing an infection. Chronic sinusitis involves long-term or recurring sinus blockages and inflammation. Seasonal allergies are a prime example of a non-infectious cause of sinusitis, capable of producing various types of nasal discharge—thick or thin, yellow, green, or clear.

Viruses, not bacteria, are the primary cause of colds. However, when a cold progresses into sinusitis, it suggests that blocked nasal passages have triggered a secondary bacterial infection, which may require antibiotic treatment. In rare cases, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems, a fungal infection can be the cause of sinusitis.

Symptoms of sinusitis include bad breath, fever, lethargy, loss of smell or taste, and ear pressure. Distinguishing between a common cold and a sinus infection can be based on the progression of symptoms. Most colds resolve within 7 to 10 days, whereas sinus infection symptoms may persist or worsen.

Regarding the use of CPAP machines, it is very unlikely to get sick from them if they are cleaned regularly. The cleaning process involves washing the mask, water chamber, and tubing in hot soapy water daily, ensuring the tubing is fully submerged. Weekly cleaning of the headgear and filter is also recommended.

For more detailed information on chronic sinusitis, visit Harvard Health’s overview here. To understand the potential role of fungus in chronic sinusitis, refer to the Mayo Clinic study here. Additional resources on nasal allergies and sinusitis can be found at Harvard University’s website here.

It’s important not to judge your mucus by its color, as discussed in a Harvard Health blog here. For more general information about sinusitis, visit Harvard Health’s guide here. Keck Medicine of USC offers additional insights on sinusitis here. To learn about the potential risks associated with CPAP machines and how to mitigate them, see Harvard Health’s article here. Finally, for information on sinus rinses, check out NeilMed Sinus Rinse’s product page here.