Generalized itching can be caused by a variety of factors, with aging being a significant one. As Dr. Arndt explains, “The skin barrier doesn’t work as well as it used to, and substances that may not have irritated you before can now be absorbed into the skin and cause itching.” This is attributed to changes in the skin, such as impaired immune response, reduction in fat and blood flow, and altered physiological functions.

A study led by Karl Leif Bates at Duke University revealed that a severe itching associated with liver disease has an unexpected origin. Published on April 2 in Gastroenterology, the research indicates that the outer layer of the skin is more than just insulation, opening new avenues for potential treatments for itching.

Eczema, or atopic dermatitis (AD), is often referred to as “the itch that rashes.” It starts with itching, followed by the appearance of a rash. In many cases, the itchiness is persistent, affecting approximately 9.6 million children and 16.5 million adults in the U.S. This condition can significantly impact a person’s quality of life.

Itching can also be exacerbated at night due to various factors. Hormonal changes during menopause and pregnancy, certain medications like antibiotics, blood pressure pills, opioids, diuretics, and even skin care products such as soaps and deodorants can intensify itching sensations. In rare cases, nighttime itching might indicate a more serious condition.

According to Dr. Raman Madan, itching all over without a rash, though rare, may be an early indicator of a nerve disorder like Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis. The mechanism involves immune cells in the skin releasing molecular “keys” that activate GPCRs, triggering communication networks in the nervous system. These signals are then transmitted to the brain, resulting in the perception of itchiness.

To combat dry skin, especially in winter, it is recommended to pat or blot the skin dry instead of rubbing it. Moisturizing immediately after bathing or washing hands can help seal in moisture. Using a humidifier, wearing protective clothing outdoors, and limiting bathing time can also be effective. For intense dryness, using heavier ointments with an oil base is suggested.

For more detailed information, you can read the full articles here: Harvard Health, Duke Research, and Harvard Gazette.