Sinusitis, often referred to as rhinosinusitis, is a common condition where the nasal passages and sinuses become inflamed. This inflammation, usually triggered by an infection or allergy, blocks the drainage system of the sinuses, leading to symptoms like head pain, facial pressure, and clogged nose. Symptoms may clear on their own, but they can also persist or recur frequently.

Acute sinusitis is typically a viral infection lasting 7 to 10 days, while a bacterial infection can extend up to 4 weeks. Chronic sinusitis, however, is a more prolonged inflammation lasting for 12 weeks or more, with potential for symptoms to last months or even years. Factors contributing to chronic sinusitis include common colds, viral infections, or a compromised immune system.

Treatment for sinusitis often begins with managing the symptoms. This can include the use of nasal rinses, decongestants, and pain relievers to ease discomfort while the body fights the infection. Chronic rhinosinusitis affects about 11% of U.S. adults and often requires long-term treatment, typically involving antibiotics. Repeated cycles of inflammation and repair can thicken sinus tissues, much like calloused skin, and in some cases, surgery may be necessary to resolve the issue.

It’s important to differentiate sinusitis from other conditions like COVID-19, which may share similar symptoms. Loss of sense of smell associated with sinus infection is often accompanied by significant symptoms such as facial pain and pressure. COVID-19 symptoms, on the other hand, may include more fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms. Because of the overlapping symptoms, it’s recommended to discuss your condition with a healthcare professional.

To learn more about sinusitis and its management, visit Harvard Health, Keck Medicine of USC, Harvard Health, Harvard Health, UW Newsroom, USF Health News, Harvard Health, and Ohio State Health & Discovery.